Internationalisation and international cooperation have moved centre stage as themes in the current higher education debate. But what does internationalisation actually mean? What are the motives that lead universities and other higher education institutions to systematically cooperate with partners in other countries and continents? What are the typical activities in international collaboration? What are the policies and strategies that drive them? How does one internationalise a whole continent? These are some of the questions explored in the present publication. It consists an overview paper on the main issue of internationalisation, and of seven essays on particular aspects of this theme.