While some aspects of open science, such as open access to publications, have become more widely known in recent years, significant knowledge gaps with regard to other aspects of open science still exist in both institutional settings and among individual researchers . Therefore, this topic supports actions with a clear European added value that are aimed at developing, improving or consolidating training activities at downstream level and reach the highest number of stakeholders in the European Research Area.   

Actions proposed must be aimed at training stakeholders with a view to permitting them and/or their organisations to fully implement the practical aspects of open science. Stakeholders include academic staff (train the trainers approach), in particular young scientist during under- and postgraduate training, but also policy-makers and staff working in funding bodies.

The training actions proposed must be relevant for the specific scientific field, practical, engaging, and outcome-oriented .and aiming at linking up with other already existing training initiatives. They should reach the greatest number of stakeholders possible including those Horizon 2020 projects that do not participate in the Horizon 2020 Pilot on open access to data.